Avicenna: On Diagnosis - Signs and Symptoms

After a general introduction, Avicenna in his Law of Natural Healing (Canon of Medicine), Lecture 9, introduces the signs of internal disease, the distinction between the disease and its secondary effects, the diagnostic signs of the temperaments, evidence of the four primary intemperaments and signs of a harmonious temperament as well as other diagnostic signs to consider. It also contains O. Cameron Gruner’s extensive endnotes.