Domination, Alienation, Integration: Three Models of Human-Environment Relations Applied to Land Use in Niagara‪.‬

Abstract This paper develops three models of the environment called Domination, Alienation, and Integration that become useful for interpreting the evolving relationship between humans and the rest of nature as presented in related literature, research, and policy. Implications of these three models are discussed for issues concerning ecological unsustainability and social inequity. Finally, an environmental research and community project, concerning land use in the Niagara Region of Ontario, provides a useful example that illustrates movement from a process of domination and alienation toward integration.