Egypt in Perspective: Orientation Guide and Cultural Orientation: Geography, History, Economy, Security, Religion, Cairo, Suez, Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, Arab Spring, Islam, Coptic Christian, Nubians

These two unique guides produced by the Department of Defense provide comprehensive information about all aspects of life in Egypt, with a special emphasis on geography, history, the economy, society, security and military matters, religion, traditions, urban and rural life, ethnic groups, crime, the environment, government, holidays, gender issues and much more.

Chapter 1 - Geography * Introduction * Geographic Divisions * Climate * Water Resources * Major Cities * Cairo * Alexandria * Port Said * Suez * Aswan * Luxor * Environmental Issues * Natural Hazards * Chapter 1 Assessment * Chapter 2 - History * Introduction * Ancient History * Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt * Decline of Imperial Egypt * Greek and Roman Rule (332 B.C.E.-642 C.E.) * The Islamic Conquest and Arab Rule (642-1250) * Mamluk Expansion and Ottoman Rule (1250-1805) * The Dawn of Modern Egypt (1798-1882)... * British Occupation (1882-1922) * The Suez Canal * British Colonialism and Egyptian Nationalism * Pan-Arabism and the Muslim Brotherhood * Movement Toward Independence * The Nasser Presidency (1956-1970) * Nationalization of the Suez Canal * The Six-Day War (1967 War) * The Anwar Sadat Presidency (1970-1981) * The Mubarak Presidency (1981-2011) * Opposition to the Government * Reform * Recent Events * Chapter 2 Assessment * Chapter 3 - Economy * Introduction * Standard of Living * Agriculture * Land Reform * Cotton * Industry * Services * Banking * Tourism * Trade * Energy * Transportation * Investment * Outlook * Chapter 3 Assessment * Chapter 4 - Society * Introduction * Ethnic Groups and Languages * "Egyptians" * Nubians * Berbers * Dom * Religion * Islam * Coptic Orthodoxy * Cuisine * Traditional Dress * Gender Issues * Female Genital Mutilation * Divorce Laws * Arts * Literature * Music and Dance * Sports and Recreation * Chapter 4 Assessment * Chapter 5 - Security * Introduction * U.S.-Egyptian Relations * Post-Mubarak Relationship * Relations with Neighboring Countries * Israel * Palestinian Territories * Jordan * Sudan * Libya * Police Force * Military * Army * Air Force * Air Defense * Navy * Issues Affecting Stability * Civil Unrest and Civil Rights * Unemployment * Corruption * Water and Food Insecurity * CHAPTER 1: PROFILE * Introduction * Geography * Climate * Bodies of Water * Nile River * Lake Nasser (Lake Nubia) * Suez Canal * Mediterranean Sea * Red Sea * Major Cities * Cairo * Alexandria * Aswan * Luxor * Suez * History * Early History * British Colonialism and the Suez Canal * Nasser and Independence * Anwar Sadat and Peace with Israel * Recent Events * Media * Economy * Ethnic Groups and Languages * Bedouins * Beja * Berbers * Copts * Greeks * Nubians * Chapter 1 Assessment * CHAPTER 2: RELIGION * Introduction * Islam * Coptic Christians * The Role of Religion in the Government * Influence of Religion in Daily Life * Religious Holidays * Islamic Holidays * Coptic Christian Holidays * Buildings of Worship * Mosques * Churches * Behavior in Places of Worship * Mosques * Coptic Christian Churches * Chapter 2 Assessment * CHAPTER 3: TRADITIONS * Introduction * Greetings * Hospitality * Dress Codes * Cuisine * Nonreligious Celebrations * Dos and Don'ts * Chapter 3 Assessment * CHAPTER 4: URBAN LIFE * Introduction * Urban Development * Education * Healthcare and Sanitation * Transportation and Traffic * Cars * Buses/minibuses * Metro/Tram * Trains * Taxis * Ferries/Boats * Dining Out * Coffeehouses * Marketplace * Beggars * Crime and Demonstrations * Chapter 4 Assessment * CHAPTER 5: RURAL LIFE * Introduction * Land Distribution * Rural Economy * Rural Lifestyle * Gender Roles in Rural Areas * Housing and Land Use * Who Is in Charge? * Healthcare and Sanitation * Rural Education * Rural Transportation * Land Mines * Border Crossings and Checkpoints * Chapter 5 Assessment * CHAPTER 6: FAMILY LIFE * Introduction * Status of Women * Marriage and Divorce * Marriage * Divorce * Social