Background Notes: Southern Europe, December, 2011

Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs country background notes for international travelers to Andorra, Cyprus, France, Greece, Holy See, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, and Turkey.  Each country's brief, factual background note summarizes its geography, people (population, ethnic groups, languages, health, and religion), history, culture, government and political conditions (type, political parties and principal government officials), economy (GDP; land, climate, and demographics; agriculture and natural resources; trade, industry, and investment; and transportation), defense, human rights, and foreign relations.  Each country's background note also provides travel and business information, including principal U.S. officials (ambassador, public affairs officer, counselor for economic affairs, etc.); embassy location, telephone, and fax numbers; and passport information.