Cambodian Refugees in Ontario: Religious Identities, Social Cohesion and Transnational Linkages.

ABSTRACT/RESUME Ethnic, political and religious identifies among Cambodian refugees in Ontario are in large part constructed through connections with transnational communities and homeland linkages. Although local expressions of identity reflect responses to resettlement and adaptation to Canadian social norms and mores (especially the politics of multiculturalism), they remain firmly embedded in traditional hierarchies, ideologies, lines of power (leadership), political authority, and legitimacy. Despite horrific circumstances and experiences, the tenacious spirit of Cambodian refugees in Ontario enables them to cope with their extensive pre-migration suffering and continuing resettlement difficulties. Religious identifies, practices, and institutions; traditional monastic/lay relations: and performances of music and dance play vital roles in social cohesion and community viability. The legacy of holocaust survival and the subsequent process of re-creating and redefining these identifies and roles have challenged traditional religious identifies and cultural activities, creating numerous divisions within the community. Yet apart from kinship support and visits, religious and cultural contacts in Canada remain the primary means through which transnational linkages are maintained with Cambodia, influencing generational dynamics and a variety of community development and rehabititation projects.