Democracy in Pakistan: Value Change and Challenges of Institution Building (Dynamics FOR SOCIAL Transformation) (Report‪)‬

Reviewing the theoretical literature on democracy and development, this ,study weaves a relationship between electoral contestation and its impact on district administration, and how the conduct of political leaders and political parties has influenced the processes of institution building in Pakistan. For almost a decade (1988-1999) Pakistan has sustained a transition to parliamentary democracy. This has been the longest period of civilian-led regimes, although none of the elected governments has been able to complete its five-year term in office. It is encouraging to note that the principle of electoral competition has gained strength, and electoral procedures have acquired stability. Ironically, despite frequency of electoral competition, political leaders have not been successful in promoting an environment that would encotirage the growth of democratic norms and civility. Popular aspiration for democracy has not received corresponding support from the elected political leadership. Therefore, a strong tendency towards illiberal usages of democracy continues to threaten the prospects of democratic consolidation. Constructing and promoting democracy is not an easy task; it requires patience, time, and most importantly, a consensus among the powerful groups and Elites in a society on the desirability of rule of law and governance through the consent of the people. Thus, the onus of responsibility for constructing democracy, promoting democratic norms, and institutionalising democratic practices and principles is on the Elites. Political leaders and Elites, through their actions and conduct, influence the formation of democratic norms at the popular level. A large number of people in a society have to accept and demonstrate faith in democratic principles.