Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Updated Edition

Encyclopedia of World Scientists, Updated Edition is a comprehensive reference tool for learning about scientists and their work. It includes 500 cross-referenced profiles of well-known scientific "greats" of history and contemporary scientists whose work is verging on prominence. More than 100 entries are devoted to women and minority scientists.

Each entry includes the subject's full name, dates of birth/death, nationality, and field(s) of specialization. A biographical essay focuses primarily on the subject's scientific work and achievements; it also highlights additional information, such as place of birth, parents' names and occupations, name(s) of spouse(s) and children, educational background, jobs held, and awards earned.

Profiles include:



Archimedes (c. 287–212 BCE): Mathematician 

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543): Astronomer 

Galileo Galilei (1564–1642): Astronomer 

Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782): Mathematician 

John James Audubon (1785–1851): Biologist 

Elizabeth Blackwell (1821–1910): Medical scientist 

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–1896): Chemist 

Albert Einstein (1879–1955): Physicist 

Niels Bohr (1885–1962): Physicist 

George Washington Carver (c. 1861–1943): Chemist

Marie Curie (1867–1934): Physicist and chemist 

Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882–1945): Aerospace engineer 

Edwin Powell Hubble (1889–1953): Astronomer 

Grace Murray Hooper (1906–1992): Computer scientist 

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994): Chemist 

Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997): Earth scientist 

Alan Turing (1912–1954): Computer scientist 

Jonas Edward Salk (1914–1995): Medical scientist 

Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958): Chemist 

Jewel Plummer Cobb (1924–2017): Biologist 

Stephen Hawking (1942–2018): Astronomer.