Human Nervous System Anatomy and Function Study Guide

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Intended for everyone interested in human nervous system, particularly undergraduate and graduate life science students, medical students, nursing students, physician assistants students, and physical therapy students.

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Table of Contents

I. Cells of the Nervous System

Neuron: Overview | Axon | Dendrite | Apical dendrite | Dendritic spine | Synapse | Neuromuscular junction | Afferent nerve | Efferent nerve | Sensory nerve | Motor nerve

Types of neurons: Pyramidal cell | Betz cell | Purkinje cell | Muscle spindle | Golgi organ | Motor neuron | Sensory neuron

Glial cell: Overview | Astrocyte | Oligodendrocyte | Schwann cell | Myelin

II. Regional Anatomy

Anatomical terms: Position | Direction | Motion

Nervous System Organization: Overview | Brain | Spinal cord | Central nervous system | Peripheral nervous system | Somatic nervous system | Autonomic nervous system | Sympathetic nervous system | Parasympathetic nervous system

Brain Stem external anatomy: Brain Stem | Medulla oblongata | Pons | Midbrain

Brain Stem nuclei: Olivary body | Cochlear nuclei | Superior olivary nuclei | Inferior colliculi | Medial geniculate nuclei | Superior colliculus | Red nucleus | Substantia nigra | Reticular formation | Raphe nuclei | Locus ceruleus | Pedunculopontine nucleus | Midbrain nuclei

Cranial nerves: Overview | I olfactory | II optic | III oculomotor | IV trochlear | V trigeminal | V1 ophthalmic | V2 maxillary | V3 mandibular | VI abducens | VII facial | VIII vestibulocochlear (cochlear, vestibular) | IX glossopharyngeal | X vagus | XI accessory | XII hypoglossal

Cerebellum: Overview | Development and evolution | Anatomy | Blood supply | Dysfunction | Theories about cerebellar function | Purkinje cell

Diencephalon: Overview | Thalamus : Medial geniculate nuclei | Lateral geniculate nucleus | Thalamocortical loop | Hypothalamus | Epithalamus : Pineal gland | Habenula | Subthalamus | Pituitary gland : Anterior pituitary | Posterior pituitary | Other : Third ventricle | Interventricular foramina | Optic chiasm | Subfornical organ

Ventricular system: Overview | Lateral ventricles | Interventricular foramina | Third ventricle | Cerebral aqueduct | Fourth ventricle | Central canal | Choroid plexus | Cerebrospinal fluid

Corpus striatum: Overview | Basal ganglia | Striatum | Putamen | Caudate nucleus | Nucleus accumbens | Globus pallidus | Subthalamic nucleus | Substantia nigra

.....

III. Major Systems

Visual system: Overview | Eye | Rods | Cones | Rods vs. Cones | Optic nerve | Optic chiasm | Optic tract | Lateral geniculate nucleus | Optic radiation | Visual cortex

and much more..