Romans (International Critical Commentary‪)‬

This classic commentary is organized as follows: 


Introduction 

§ 1. Rome in a. d. 58 

§ 2. The Jews in Rome 

§ 3. The Roman Church 

§ 4. The Time and Place, Occasion and Purpose, of the Epistle 

§ 5. The Argument 

§ 6. Language and Style 

§ 7. The Text 

§ 8. Literary History 

§ 9. Integrity of the Epistle 

§ 10. Commentaries 


Romans 1 

The Apostolic Salutation 

The Theological Terminology of Rom 1:1-7 

St. Paul and the Roman Church 

The word δίκαιος and its cognates 

The Meaning of Faith in the New Testament and in some Jewish Writings 

The Righteousness of God 

St. Paul’s Description of the Condition of the Heathen World 

Use of the Book of Wisdom in Chapter 1 


Romans 2 

Transition From Gentile to Jew. Both Alike Guilty 

Failure of the Jews 


Romans 3 

Casuistical Objections Answered 

Universal Failure to Attain to Righteousness 

The New System 

The Death of Christ considered as a Sacrifice 

Consequences of the New System 


Romans 4 

The Faith of Abraham 

The History of Abraham as treated by St. Paul and by St. James 

Faith and Circumcision 

Jewish Teaching on Circumcision 

Promise and Law 

Abraham’s Faith a Type of the Christian’s 

The Place of the Resurrection of Christ in the teaching of St. Paul 


Romans 5 

Blissful Consequences of Justification 

Is the Society or the Individual the proper object of Justification? 

The Idea of Reconciliation or Atonement 

The Fall of Adam and the Work of Christ 

The Effects of Adam’s Fall in Jewish Theology 

Adam and Christ 

St. Paul’s Conception of Sin and of the Fall 

History of the Interpretation of the Pauline doctrine of δικαίωσις 


Romans 6 

The Mystical Union of the Christian With Christ 

The Doctrine of Mystical Union with Christ 

The Transition From Law to Grace. Analogy of Slavery 


Romans 7 

The Transition From Law to Grace. Analogy of Marriage 

Law and Sin 

The Inward Conflict 

St. Paul’s View of the Law 


Romans 8 

Life in the Spirit. 

The Fruits of the Incarnation 

The Life of the Flesh and the Life of the Spirit 

The Person and Work of the Holy Spirit 

Sonship and Heirship 

Suffering the Path to Glory 

The Renovation of Nature 

The Assistance of the Spirit 

The Ascending Process of Salvation 

The Proofs and Assurance of Divine Love 


Romans 9 

The Apostle’s Sorrow Over Israel’s Unbelief 

The Privileges of Israel 

The Punctuation of Rom 9:5 

The Rejection of Israel Not Inconsistent With the Divine Promises 

The Divine Election 

The Rejection of Israel Not Inconsistent With the Divine Justice 

The Divine Sovereignty in the Old Testament 

The Power and Rights of God as Creator 

The Relation of St. Paul’s Argument in chap. 9 to the Book of Wisdom 

A History of the Interpretation of Rom 9:6-29 

Israel Itself to Blame for Its Rejection 


Romans 10 

Israel’s Unbelief Not Excused by Want of Opportunity 

The Argument of 9:30-10:21: Human Responsibility 

St. Paul’s Use of the Old Testament 


Romans 11 

The Rejection of Israel Not Complete 

The Doctrine of the Remnant 

The Rejection of Israel Not Final 

The Merits of the Fathers 

Mercy to All the Ultimate Purpose of God 

The Argument of Romans 9-11 

St. Paul’s Philosophy of History 

The Salvation of the Individual. Free-will and Predestination 


Romans 12 

The New Life 

The Right Use of Spiritual Gifts 

Spiritual Gifts 

Maxims to Guide the Christian Life 


Romans 13 

On Obedience to Rulers 

The Church and the Civil Power 

Love the Fulfilment of All Law 

The History of the word ἀγάπη. 

The Christian Teaching on Love 

The Day Is at Hand 

The early Christian belief in the nearness of the παρουσία. 

The relation of Chaps. 12-14 to the Gospels 


Romans 14 

On Forbearance Towards Those Who Are Scrupulous 


Romans 15 

What sect or party is referred to in Rom 14? 

Apology for Admonitions 

The Apostle’s Plans 


Romans 16 

Personal Greetings 

Aquila and Priscilla 

Warning Against False Teachers 

Greetings of St. Paul’s Companions 

The Concluding Doxology