The View Changes at the Top: Resolving Differences in Managerial Perspectives on Strategy‪.‬

Formulating a winning strategy for an organization is a complex process, and managers at different levels bring different viewpoints and priorities to the process. In particular, their perspectives may reflect whether they view management as an art or science, whether they emphasize consistency or flexibility, or whether they believe the process should be top down or bottom up. Ideally, all levels of management should share some common ground on strategy formulation, but a survey highlights where differences arise, especially from attitudes on these three philosophical areas. Understanding how differences arise can help top managers construct a more harmonious process. **********