Every Step a Struggle

“This fascinating collection of interviews is ‘must reading’ for anyone interested in the cultural politics of race in America. A unique historical resource.” —Denise Youngblood, author of Cinematic Cold War

This book pays tribute to the sacrifices and achievements of seven individuals who made difficult and controversial choices to ensure that black Americans shared in the evolution of the nation’s cultural heritage. Transcriptions and analyses of never-before-published uncensored conversations with Lorenzo Tucker, Lillian Gish, King Vidor, Clarence Muse, Woody Strode, Charles Gordone, and Frederick Douglass O’Neal reveal many of the reasons and rationalizations behind a racist screen imagery in the first three-quarters of the twentieth century. This primary source, replete with pictures, documentation, and extensive annotations, recounts through the words of important participants what happened to many film pioneers when a new generation of African-Americans rebelled against the nation’s stereotyped film imagery.

“The author has taken a unique approach and may have even created a new genre of writing: theinterview embellished with scholarly commentary. It is a fascinating experiment . . . This book belongs in every research library and in all public libraries from mid-size to large cities. It fills in lacunae between existing studies.” —Peter C. Rollins, Emeritus Editor-in-Chief of Film & History