Festus

Festus, first published in 1839, is an ambitious verse drama by Philip James Bailey that explores metaphysical themes through the story of its titular character, who is guided by Lucifer on a philosophical journey through life, death, and beyond. Combining elements of Christian theology, Romanticism, and cosmic speculation, the poem reflects on good and evil, knowledge and salvation. Though largely forgotten today, Festus was immensely popular in the 19th century and praised by literary figures such as Tennyson. It remains a remarkable artifact of Victorian spiritual literature.