Hemorrhagic Septicemia in Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Calves Under Sub-Tropical Conditions in Pakistan (Report‪)‬

Byline: Ahrar Khan, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Muhammad Zargham Khan, Shafia Tahseen Gul, Muhammad Irfan and Muhammad Shahbaz Qamar Abstract In an outbreak of hemorrhagic septicemia in buffalo calves in Pakistan, 31.48% mortality was recorded. Mortality significantly peaked on 8th day (37%). Elevated body temperature (40.63+0.70degC), profuse salivation, dyspnea, respiratory sound "rales", ocular discharge, mucus nasal discharge and restlessness were observed. Grossly, head, neck and inter-mandible region were congested and edematous. Subserosal petechial hemorrhages throughout the body and blood-tinged fluid in thoracic and abdominal cavities were seen. Lungs showed pneumonic changes. Kidneys were swollen and hyperemic. There were petechial hemorrhages on the epicardium. Histopathologically, extensive lung edema, emphysema, thickened alveolar septa, congestion, and edema fluid in bronchioles were observed. Kidneys exhibited glomerulus atrophy, congestion, presence of casts in tubules along with pyknosis, condensation of nuclei and necrosis of tubular epithelium.