Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2022‪)‬

This is an open access book. The Asia Pacific Research Management Conference (APMRC) is an annual activity organized by the PPM School of Management. Every  year,  the APMRC brings together attendees consisting academics and professionals to address mutual challenges and share information. The theme of this year’s conference (The 4th APMRC) is: “Survive or Die : The Way Businesses Respond to Covid-19’s Crushing Blow”. This year the conference hosted by PPM School of Management (Indonesia), Hanoi University of Science and Technology – School of Economics and Management (Vietnam), Department of Business Administration – Asia University, (Taiwan) and Faculty of Business – Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University (Indonesia). Through this activity, scientific papers were presented in management science by academics and practitioners from various educational institutions and companies throughout Indonesia. This year marks the 4th international conference held hybrid (offline venue will be held at Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Indonesia) on May, 18th–20th 2022. The research topics presented at the APMRC related to management and economics can include the following derivative topics but are not limited Strategic Management, Risk Management, Human Resources/Capital, etc.