Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound

This book is concerned with the theory, development and design of electroacoustic transducers for underwater applications, and is more comprehensive than any existing book in this field. It includes the basics of the six major types of electroacoustic transducers, with emphasis on the piezoelectric ceramic transducers that are currently most widely used. It presents the basic acoustics, as well as specific acoustic data, needed in transducer design and includes analysis of nonlinear effects in transducers. A large number of specific transducer designs, including both projectors and hydrophones, are described in detail as well as methods of modeling, evaluation and measurement. Analysis of transducer arrays, including the effects of mutual radiation impedance, as well as numerical models for transducers and arrays are also covered. The book contains an extensive Appendix of useful current information, including data on the latest transduction materials, and numerous diagrams that will facilitate its use by students and practicing engineers and scientists.