Two Treatises of Government, Seventh Ed‪.‬

This 1689 work by English philosopher John Locke (first published anonymously) argues against absolute monarchy and emphasizes the importance of individual consent to governments. Known as the "Father of Classical Liberalism," Locke conceived natural rights that are inherent to all individuals. These rights would greatly influence the writing of both the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. James Madison mentioned Locke directly in his speech when presenting the Bill of Rights to the first Congress in 1789.