El Filibusterismo

El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed), published in 1891, is the dark and politically charged sequel to José Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere. Set in the Philippines under Spanish colonial rule, the novel follows the return of Simoun, formerly Crisóstomo Ibarra, now a wealthy and vengeful figure bent on overthrowing the regime. Rizal’s work exposes corruption, social injustice, and the explosive tensions of colonial oppression. A cornerstone of Filipino literature and nationalist thought, El Filibusterismo is both a revolutionary text and a tragic philosophical reflection on the limits of violent resistance.