Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma: A New Treatment Paradigm for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Disease in the Era of Targeted Therapy (Feature Article) (Clinical Report‪)‬

Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2-3% of all adult malignancies with a median age at presentation of 60 [1]. Nephrectomy is the most important treatment for local disease and is also integral to the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cytoreductive nephrectomy, nephrectomy in the setting of metastatic disease, followed by appropriately timed systemic therapy, is the current standard of care [2,3]. This is due to the significant survival advantage demonstrated in two randomised trials [4-6]. The systemic treatment of renal cell carcinoma has radically changed over the last decade as the understanding of the biology of renal cell carcinoma has improved, allowing specific targets within these pathways to be inhibited.