Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials

This book is concerned with functional nanomaterials, materials containing specific, predictable nanostructures whose chemical composition, or interfacial structure enables them to perform a specific job: to destroy, sequester, or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat. Nanomaterials have a number of features that make them ideally suited for this job: they have a high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability, and rapid diffusion, to name a few. The purpose of this book is to showcase how these features can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced by mankind today. A number of leading researchers have contributed to this volume, painting a picture of diverse synthetic strategies, structures, materials, and methods. The intent of this book is to showcase the current state of environmental nanomaterials in such a way as to be useful both as a research resource and as a graduate level textbook. We have organized this book into sections on nanoparticle-based remediation strategies, nanostructured inorganic materials (e.g. layered materials like the apatites), nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of sensors.Contents: Nanoparticle-based Approaches: Nanoparticle Metal Oxides for Chlorocarbon and Organophosphonate Remediation (Olga B Koper, Shyamala Rajagopalan, Slawomir Winecki and Kenneth J Klabunde) Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) for Site Remediation (Daniel W Elliott, Hsing-Lung Lien and Wei-xian Zhang) Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (Donald R Baer, Paul G Tratnyek, You Qiang, James E Amonette, John Linehan, Vaishnavi Sarathy, James T Nurmi, Chongmin Wang and J Antony) Nanostructured Inorganic Materials: Formation of Nanosized Apatite Crystals in Sediment for Containment and Stabilization of Contaminants (Robert C Moore, Jim Szecsody, Michael J Truex, Katheryn B Helean, Ranko Bontchev and Calvin Ainsworth) Functionalized Nanoporous Sorbents for Adsorption of Radioiodine from Groundwater and Waste Glass Leachates (Shas V Mattigod, Glen E Fryxell and Kent E Parker) Nanoporous Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials: Nature's Nanoparticles: Group IV Phosphonates (Abraham Clearfield) Twenty-five Years of Nuclear Waste Remediation Studies (Abraham Clearfield) Synthesis of Nanostructured Hybrid Sorbent Materials Using Organosilane Self-assembly on Mesoporous Ceramic Oxides (Glen E Fryxell) Chemically Modified Mesoporous Silicas and Organosilicas for Adsorption and Detection of Heavy Metal Ions (Oksana Olkhovyk and Mietek Jaroniec) Hierarchically Imprinted Adsorbents (Hyunjung Kim, Chengdu Liang and Sheng Dai) Functionalization of Periodic Mesoporous Silica and Its Application to the Adsorption of Toxic Anions (Hideaki Yoshitake) Layered Semi-crystalline Polysilsesquioxane: A Mesostructured and Stoichiometric Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Solid for the Removal of Environmentally Hazardous Ions (Hideaki Yoshitake) A Thiol-functionalized Nanoporous Silica Sorbent for Removal of Mercury from Actual Industrial Waste (Shas V Mattigod, Glen E Fryxell and Kent E Parker) Functionalized Nanoporous Silica for Oral Chelation Therapy of a Broad Range of Radionuclides (Wassana Yantasee, Wilaiwan Chouyyok, Robert J Wiacek, Jeffrey A Creim, R Shane Addleman, Glen E Fryxell and Charles Timchalk) Amine-functionalized Nanoporous Materials for Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture (Feng Zheng, R Shane Addleman, Christopher L Aardahl, Glen E Fryxell, Daryl R Brown and Thomas S Zemanian) Carbon Dioxide Capture from Post-combustion Streams Using Amine-functionalized Nanoporous Materials (Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero and Abdelhamid Sayari) Nanomaterials that Enhance Sensing/Detection of Environmental Contaminants: Nanostructured ZnO Gas Sensors (Huamei Shang and Guozhong Cao) Synthesis and Properties of Mesoporous-based Materials for Environmental Applications (Jianlin Shi,...