Quincas Borba

Published in 1891, Quincas Borba is one of the masterpieces of Brazilian Realism and perhaps Machado de Assis's most scathing critique of human nature and the illusions of progress. Continuing the psychological universe begun in *Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas*, the novel delves deeper into the moral and social contradictions of the 19th century, presenting characters who, more than just living, philosophize and rave about life. At the center of the plot is Rubião, heir to the fortune and ideas of his eccentric friend Quincas Borba—creator of the famous and ironic motto: "To the victor, the potatoes." Naive and idealistic, Rubião moves to Rio de Janeiro carrying with him his mentor's money and philosophy, but ends up entangled in the vanity, ambition, and hypocrisy of bourgeois society. Between Sofia's seduction and Palha's opportunism, the protagonist loses himself in illusions and disillusionments, until his mind—fragile and poetic—gives way to delirium and madness. Machado de Assis, with his elegant and cutting prose, constructs a refined satire on power, morality, and insanity. In Quincas Borba, laughter and tragedy merge: the absurd philosophy of "Humanism"—a brilliant parody of the scientific and optimistic doctrines of his time—reveals itself as a cruel metaphor for the human condition. Man, trapped in the pursuit of glory and wealth, is portrayed as a being who destroys and destroys himself, always believing in his own rationality. This revised and adapted digital edition respects Machado's period style but offers fluidity and clarity to the contemporary reader. Ideal for students, researchers, and literature lovers, this version brings the classic to the palm of your hand, preserving its aesthetic and philosophical value, yet offering an accessible and modern reading experience.