3 Quarks Meet

A geometric connection between parameters of the Standard Model is made clear in this book.

A new string perspective on quantum gravity is described that allows us to describe large-scale and small-scale properties of our universe. As such, the new string model can describe mass properties of particles that existed in the early moments, near the birth of our universe.


In a fraction of a minute so much happens.

Protons and electrons “happen”. 

In fact, very early, at the very beginning of the cosmic evolution, when the universe was just a fraction of a minute old, temperatures were indeed hot enough for both protons and electrons to “happen”, to assemble and materialize out of primordial energy.


In this book we explore new geometric strings and their harmonics that may allow one a glimpse into – among other things – some of the first assemblies in nature.

While there are only a few elementary particles, such as the electron, there is an embarrassment of composite particles, such as the proton, and countless resonances, that any model, like the new model of strings presented in this book, also needs to be capable to embody. 


The proposed model of strings does so with simple, geometric, pictorial representations. 


Though charge and spin are quantum properties necessary in describing a particle, arguably the most distinctive property of a particle is its mass. Rather than kilograms or pounds we will concern ourselves with dimensionless mass relationships. If we start out by interpreting certain concise string-like patterns as the dimensionless ratios of elementary particles masses, can such objects “living” on these strings naturally manifest other elementary particles and their mass relationships? 

This book is indeed concerned mainly with a type of QCD string, so the focus will revolve around small-scale properties such as mass spectra. However, a “tiny” string should be capable of grant things, as some string models often invoke among dualities a relationship linking the shortest distances to the largest distances. If there is hope that a single theory can describe properties of our world, one expects simplicity both at the smallest and largest scales.

It will be seen that one can arrive at a firm prediction: mP/me = β/α12

Here, me is the electron mass (me ≈ .511 MeV), α the fine structure constant (≈ 1/137.036) and β the mass ratio of electron to proton (so β-1 = mp/me ≈ 1836.15). 

So accordingly the theoretical prediction yields:


me x β/α12 ≈ 1.220472 1019 GeV/c2


This value is within 0.036 % of the measured Planck mass ≈ 1.220910 x 1019 GeV/c2. 


Though “including formulas/equations in a book reduces sales” (let alone in the introduction) is told oft enough to practically constitute an axiom, the above remarkable equivalence suggests that we should look to the motivations leading up to this result as means of constructing a unified field theory, or to provide explanations for other mass relationships that so far have eluded interpretations in the Standard Model of particle physics.

“Believing is seeing, seeing is believing”, so for convenience rather than formulas and long algebraic notations such as the one above, we will abstract our results using colorful geometric representations for mass relationships. The new model can effortlessly produce a spectrum of confined quarks consistent with everything we know about strong interactions and the Standard Model. 

Could one fashion a model of strings strong enough to encompass both elementary particles like the electron and composite particles like the proton?

With so many differentiated ways to view the world, picking a new string construct (the introduced 3SA group pattern, wherein expressions of 3 families arise by the pairwise relationships of 6 strings) might seem absurd, and entirely put by hand. 

Indeed there is something up our sleeve.

Symmetry.

Best not get ahead of our selves though.

The elementary particle game is afoot.