Breathing
An Inspired History
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- ¥3,400
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- ¥3,400
発行者による作品情報
Our knowledge of breathing has shaped our social history and philosophical beliefs since prehistory. Breathing occupied a spiritual status for the ancients, while today it is central to the practice of many forms of meditation, like Yoga. Over time physicians, scientists, and engineers have pieced together the intricate biological mechanisms of breathing to devise ever more sophisticated devices to support and maintain breathing indefinitely, from iron lungs to the modern ventilator. Breathing supplementary oxygen has allowed us to conquer Everest, travel to the Moon, and dive to ever greater ocean depths. We all expect to breathe fresh and clean air, but with an increase in air pollution that expectation is no longer being met. Today, respiratory viruses like COVID-19 are causing disasters both human and economical on a global scale. This is the story of breathing—a tale relevant to everyone.
PUBLISHERS WEEKLY
Williams (Hippopotamus), professor of cardiopulmonary science at the University of South Wales, takes a look at the biology of breathing in this eclectic if baggy survey. To show how humans arrived at "our current understanding" of breathing, he explores historical beliefs about it, going back to ancient Greece, where it was thought that breathing "supplied a substance called pneuma, the spiritual essence of life." Ancient Roman physician Galen, meanwhile, learned that breathing was connected to the nervous system. In the 17th century, English scientist Robert Hooke discovered why the lungs inflate and deflate, and more recently, the Covid-19 pandemic is seen as giving breathing "new cultural relevance." Along the way, Williams discusses how breathing has been described in literature ("breathing out vengeance" in Shakespeare), how it has been used to codify racist ideas (an 1864 study attempted to prove a relationship between lung capacity and race), and how humans today still connect with the spiritual aspects of breathing, as in yoga. His episodic explorations—decreased air pollution because of the pandemic, a description of crying—don't always come together, though, and the prose can tend toward the simplistic ("There were many survivors of both the war and the flu"). While ambitious, the result is often more frustrating than enlightening.
