Sharpshooters

This concise overview “fully captures the continuing evolution of snipers over the centuries” (San Francisco Book Review).
 
The German states made the first serious use of sharpshooters on the battlefield during the Seven Years’ War in the eighteenth century. Some of these talented riflemen were then employed as mercenaries in America, where the tactical use of the rifle in wooded terrain was valued.
 
By the Revolutionary War, American riflemen were formidable, able to blend into the landscape and take out targets at long range. Their potential was noted by the British, who began to train rifle units; during the Napoleonic Wars, the Green Jackets were the elite of the British army. The mid-nineteenth century saw the development of optical sights, meaning that the units of sharpshooters raised in the Civil War were even more lethal.
 
The accuracy of German sniper fire in the trenches in World War I provoked the British Army to create sniper schools, manuals, and counter-sniping tactics. However, lessons were not learned and the outbreak of World War II saw almost all major powers unprepared for sniping or counter-sniping, meaning that talented marksmen like Simö Häyhä were able to accrue massive scores. In this accessible introduction packed with firsthand accounts, sniping expert Gary Yee explores the history of the marksman and his weapons and tactics, from the flintlock era through to the present day.