The First Eight
A Personal History of the Pioneering Black Congressmen Who Shaped a Nation
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- ¥2,200
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From one of America's most venerable politicians, the powerful, untold story of the pioneering Black congressmen from South Carolina who were elected in the aftermath of the Civil War, revealing why it took nearly a century before the ninth, James Clyburn, was elected.
Today, South Carolina congressman James E. Clyburn is renowned as a Democratic kingmaker and our nation's most august Black political leader. But behind him stand eight other remarkable men: the first Black politicians to go to Congress from his home state, and who blazed a path for his own ascent. Since his own arrival in Congress in the early nineties, Congressman Clyburn has been guided by the wisdom and example of these men, and also instructed by their struggles—especially with the demon of American racism. South Carolina's first eight Black congressmen all rose to office following the Civil War and emancipation, but then the dark veil of Jim Crow fell across the South. It would take nearly a century before the ninth Black representative, Clyburn himself, was elected.
In The First Eight, Congressman Clyburn shares these men's stories, and their message of liberty, with the nation they served. Among them are Joseph Rainey, the first Black politician to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in our nation's history, who was born enslaved in 1832; Robert Smalls, iconic for his heroism during the Civil War, when he fled the Confederacy, stole a ship, and fought for the Union Army; and Richard Cain, who ran a widely read newspaper for Black South Carolinians and is associated with the Emanuel AME Church, one of the oldest and most distinguished Black churches in America, and where neo-Nazi Dylan Roof killed nine Black congregants in a mass shooting in 2015. Through the trials, tribulations, triumphs, and challenges that all nine men faced, Congressman Clyburn reveals a whole new way of understanding the period between the Civil War and the present.
A unique blend of history and memoir, The First Eight is both a monument to the legacies of these eight trailblazing Americans, and also a clear-eyed appraisal of how far we've come, and how far we have left to go, in our nation's ongoing struggle for true democracy.
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In this stirring tribute, Clyburn, South Carolina's ninth Black congressman, profiles his eight predecessors, Black Republicans who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1868 to 1897. They include Robert Smalls, who won his freedom during the Civil War by hijacking a Confederate ship; George Washington Murray, an ex-slave who became a prosperous landowner; and Richard Cain, a prominent freeborn Methodist minister. Their saga starts with extraordinary hopes in the 1860s, when the 14th Amendment and federal civil rights laws enforced by federal occupation troops gave Black South Carolinians the right to vote, resulting in a state legislature and Congressional delegation dominated by Black Republicans who pursued measures to give freedmen land, education, and equality. Later chapters recount the backlash: hundreds of Republicans were murdered by the KKK and the Red Shirt militia, Democratic election officials stuffed ballot boxes and intimidated Black voters, and unfairly implemented voting regulations caused Black voter registration to plummet. Clyburn chronicles the dogged struggle of his eight predecessors to preserve Black rights—Smalls was almost killed when Red Shirts invaded a campaign rally—as they navigated Democratic violence, an increasingly indifferent Congress, and intra-Party rivalries. The narrative is full of drama, and Clyburn adds insights from his own experience breaking racial barriers as a civil-rights-era politician. It adds up to a gripping account of political courage under the most fraught circumstances.
