Characteristics of Animals Used in Zoo Interpretation: A Synthesis of Research (Research) (Report‪)‬

Introduction Educational programs that use live animals as teaching tools provide an experience incomparable to that of observing the same animals on video or in print. When used in nonformal educational settings, captive live animals can provide memorable, safe encounters with wildlife, increase relevance of conservation issues, increase program attendance, and allow educators to link environmental messages to specific species (Kloor, 2002; Swanagan, 2000; Zipko, 1993). Likewise, when used in formal (classroom) settings, live animals can be used to teach students about animal care, help eliminate misconceptions, and make science lessons more relevant by providing real-life examples of animals being studied (Greene & Greene, 2005; Page & Coppedge, 2004). In addition to providing an opportunity for handson learning, live animals in the classroom can be used to teach life skills such as critical thinking, responsibility, respect, and teamwork (Greene & Greene, 2005; Page & Coppedge, 2004;Wickless, Brooks, Abuloum,Mancuso, Heng-Moss, & Mayo, 2003). Both formal and non-formal educators who are somewhat uncomfortable with science topics can use animals to integrate student-centered scientific learning into their curriculum, while building confidence in their ability to teach science.