Makers of Japan

Modern Japan's history began with the arrival of the American squadron, led by Commodore Perry, on the coast of Idzu province in 1853. Before this event, multiple attempts to abolish the feudal system were made, but all failed, with many of the reformers losing their lives as a result. Some of the most well-known figures in this movement were Fujita Toko, Yoshida Shoin, and Sakuma Shozan. These patriots advocated for significant changes during the first half of the 19th century, a period marked by the Tokugawa Shogunate and resistance to foreign influence.

Despite the risks, these individuals were committed to restructuring Japan along imperialistic lines and adopting Western arts and sciences to strengthen their nation. Their sacrifices and foresight have earned them lasting respect from their compatriots. Each of these pioneers faced tragic ends: one died in a devastating earthquake, another was executed by the Shogun, and the third was assassinated by Ro-nins, or "Wave-men," the restless forces of a time marked by social and political turmoil. All three are now considered martyrs for the cause of progress.

Although Japan did not officially reopen to the world until 1854 after Perry negotiated a treaty with the United States, numerous covert attempts were made to establish a presence in the Japanese empire between the withdrawal of the East India Company in 1623 and the arrival of the American "black ships" in Kurihama Bay. The Portuguese had arrived in Japan as early as 1542, but their pursuit of political power alongside the spread of Christianity led to their eventual expulsion and persecution.

As a result, all foreigners faced restrictions, with only a few Dutch traders allowed to remain in Nagasaki under strict conditions. Will Adams, a British sailor and shipwright from Limehouse, London, lived in Yedo (now Tokyo) and served Shogun Iyemitsu until his death on May 6, 1620. During this period, Captain John Saris, the founder of the East India Company's trading post in Hirado, also lived in Japan. Both men are recognized as the first English representatives in Japan. Adams was buried near Yokohama, while Saris returned to London following the withdrawal of his company from Japanese trade………………