21st Century U.S. Army Visual Signals Field Manual (FM 21-60) - 1987 and 2017 Editions, Hand and Arm Signals and Pyrotechnics, Ground Vehicles, Dismount Operations, Mirrors and Strobes

Two important Army field manuals have been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction: Visual Signals Field Manual (FM 21-60), both the 1987 and 2017 editions.

Visual Signals - September 1987 * Chapter 1. Introduction * Chapter 2. Arm-and-Hand Signals for Ground Forces * Chapter 3. Flag Signals for Armored and Mechanized Units * Chapter 4. Pyrotechnics * Chapter 5. Signals to Aircraft * Visual Signals - March 2017 * Chapter 1 - Hand-And-Arm Signals For Dismount Operations * Chapter 2 - Hand-And-Arm Signals For Ground Vehicles * Chapter 3 - Hand And Arm Signals For Aircraft * Chapter 4 - Pyrotechnics

Efficient combat operations depend on clear, accurate, and secure communication among ground units, Army aviation, and supporting Air Force elements. Control and coordination are achieved by the most rapid means of communication available between men and units. When electrical means of communication are inadequate, or not available, a station-to-station system of visual communication is an alternate means for transmitting orders, information, or requests for aid and/or support. Through the use of arm-and-hand signals, flags, pyrotechnics, and other visual aids, messages may be transmitted. Although many of these signals are widely used, incorporated into unit communications-electronics operating instructions and standing operating procedures, Army wide standardization will increase their effectiveness. The purpose of this manual is to standardize visual signals and to serve as a training reference. It is a guide. It does not cover all visual signals used in the Army, only those that are commonly used. Signals used with equipment (for example, mortar) or during operations (for example, pathfinder, jumpmaster) are in manuals that relate to such operations.

This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.