Watch During the Watches (Mark 13:35)‪.‬

English scholars concur with this assumption. Relying upon F. Blass, J. H. Moulton and W. F. Howard describe Roostercrow as "vulgar" speech. (6) H. B. Swete calls the names in Mark 13:35 "popular equivalents" to the numbered watches that are "not to be too strictly interpreted." (7) R. H. Gundry states that the Jews originally had three night watches in contrast to the four watches of the Romans and concludes that Mark 13:35 "substitutes Roman watches for Jewish ones." (8) Likewise, V. Taylor comments that the temporal expressions in Mark are "popular in character" and "correspond to Roman usage." (9) Clearly, both German and English scholars agree that Evening, Midnight, Roostercrow, and Morning are common popular Greco-Roman names for the four night watches. I. Greek and Roman Usage