Short-Run Money Demand and Supply Relations in Pakistan (Monetary AND FISCAL Policies) (Report‪)‬

I. INTRODUCTION Financial variables are known to be highly volatile. Values of many financial variables change swiftly as well as frequently. For policy-makers it pays then to know which shifts can be considered to be part of a normal pattern--which do not have to raise concern--and which other shifts may therefore be regarded as abnormal and which may need to be examined more closely, possibly in preparation of appropriate policy measures.