千古之谜 — 五代柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗鉴‪定‬

简介

【名称】:五代柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗

【类別】:瓷器,柴窑

【年代】:五代周世宗时期(954年-959年)

【尺寸】:高:6厘米,口径:13.2厘米

【产地】:中国河南汝州

【文物来历】:爱新觉罗家族传世收藏(至 1945 年)

【文物现状】:美国私人收藏

碗撇口,弧壁,圈足。胎土细腻洁白,胎薄体轻,玲珑精巧,精美绝伦。碗内壁施白釉,外壁及足底施青釉,釉色青碧,润泽如玉。碗外壁浅浮雕刻双龙戏珠纹,线条流畅,刻工精湛。龙口大张,露齿,吐舌,气势磅礴,栩栩如生,呼之欲出。足端无釉,白中略带浅褐色。器外底满釉,色如翡翠,宛若一池碧绿的春水。

(一)内容提要

享誉千年的柴窑是五代时期后周世宗柴荣兴建的御窑,位列五大名窑之首。因其烧制时间极短,传世品凤毛麟角,不见于世界各大博物馆,本书旨在破解柴窑的千古之谜。

本书深入细致地考证了五代柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗的胎釉特征和显微结构特征,并对比分析了柴窑与越窑秘色瓷,耀州窑青瓷,汝窑青瓷及邢窑白瓷间的关系或异同之处,从而得出了以下的主要结论:

1. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗为高温薄胎瓷,胎薄质坚,胎土洁白细腻。柴窑的胎土取自于河北邢窑,烧制于河南汝州。

2. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗壁釉色呈若竹色,玉润碧鲜,器底釉色宛若玻璃种翡翠。

3. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗具有文献中记载的柴窑主要特征:“明如镜,薄如纸,声如磬”。

4. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗的龙纹特征为龙口大张,露齿,吐舌,具有典型的唐五代时期龙纹特征。刻花纹装饰盛行于五代和宋代时期。

5. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗的显微结构特征主要包括:析晶,分相乳浊釉,釉中气泡全部破口或变色,充分证明了此件器为千年古瓷。

6. 柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗的龙戏火焰珠纹饰象征着至高无上的皇权,表明此件器为周世宗柴荣的御用瓷器。

此件柴窑双龙戏珠纹碗的横空出世为古瓷界的重大发现,揭示了中国陶瓷史上千古之谜的谜底。

(二)英文简介

Introduction

Title: Chaiyao Carved Celadon-glazed Bowl with Dragons Chasing a Flaming Pearl

Period: Five Dynasties (907–960) The Later Zhou (951-960)

Medium: Porcelain

Dimensions: Height: H. 6 cm; Diam. 13.2 cm

Provenance: Aisin-Gioro Family Art Collection, before 1945

Description

Chaiyao Carved Celadon-glazed Bowl with Dragons Chasing a Flaming Pearl

Thinly potted with rounded sides rising from a straight foot to a gently flared rim, the interior applied with a white glaze, the exterior covered with a lustrous celadon glaze, deftly carved with a pair of five-claw dragons chasing a flaming pearl amid the clouds. The base is covered with a rich celadon glaze save for the foot ring.

This Chaiyao bowl is stunning for its exquisite form, luminous glaze, and superb carving. Chaiyao was ranked No.1 among China’s five most famous kilns, ahead of the world renowned Ru and Guan kilns, which keenly followed the style of Chaiyao’s jade-like monochrome wares.

Chaiyao was named after the Later Zhou (951-960) emperor Chai Rong, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Later Zhou, who reigned from 954 to 959. Chai Rong is highly regarded as the most successful emperor of the Five Dynasties.

Chaiyao kiln was built by Emperor Shizong, the five-claw dragons depicted on the bowl revealed the fact that this chaiyao bowl was made specifically for the emperor, epitomizing the celebrated qualities of simplicity and sophistication.

(三)作者简介

王敏 (Tiffany M. Wang),古陶瓷专家,曾撰写出版了《元青花高山流水瓷鉴赏》,《北宋官窑龙纹碗品鉴》两本古瓷研究专著,美籍华人,出生于大连,毕业于大连理工大学,现居美国加州硅谷地区。

张霖 (David L. Chung),古瓷专家,收藏家,文学评论家。著有《元青花高山流水瓷鉴赏》与《北宋官窑龙纹碗品鉴》,美籍华人,出生于北京,毕业于北京大学,现居美国加州硅谷地区。