Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia

The first epidural analgesia was done by Corning in 1885 inadvertently. Lumbar dural puncture was introduced in 1891 by Wynter in England and Quincke in Germany. Von Ziemssen in 1894 suggested the feasibility of injecting drugs by means of lumbar dural puncture. Bier, a surgeon at the Royal Chirurgical Clinic in Kiel, was the first to inject cocaine into the spinal space. It was between August 16 and 27, 1898. It took 38 years since Corning`s discovery of the epidural analgesia and 25 years since Bier`s spinal anesthesia that these two compartments were first combined by Dr. Ryszard RODZINSKI (POLSKA GAZETA LEKARSKA, 1923) in 1923 and then by Soresi in 1937. It took another 42 years until Curelaru in 1979 used this combined spinal-epidural anesthesia again. Even the discoveries of Corning and Bier are 13 years apart. However, the first anesthesia (maybe it was combined spinal-epidural anesthesia - who knows?...) was done by God "caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam" for rib extraction. The combined approach can also have its origin in the Bible: "Two are better than one" . Or you can look at it from Mark Twain`s point of view: "Name the greatest of all the inventors. Accident".
CSEA (combined spinal-epidural anesthesia) and CSEGA (combined spinal-epidural-general anesthesia) are new modalities of anesthesia for almost any patient at any age. This book highlights the subject from various points of view. It can be used as an Opioid Free Anesthesia (OFA).