Conceptualizing Linked Social and Ecological Injustice‪.‬

Abstract Activists and academics are increasingly recognizing that struggles against social and ecological injustice are linked. In this paper I consider various conceptual models in order to understand how oppression as a whole -- and each of its components -- interact and maintain our inequities. Drawing primarily from feminist, anti-racist and ecofeminist literature, I develop labels for six models of oppression and assess each model's strengths and limitations as a framework for understanding linked oppression. Recognizing the differences can help us towards our goals of reducing social and ecological injustice. The first five models categorized from existing literature are: Hierarchical, Lens, Interlocking Blocks of Oppression, Quilt, and Web. I then introduce another model, called Kaleidoscopic, as an additional way of conceptualizing linked oppression.