Defining the Consumer Interest: Challenges for Advocates‪.‬

From its birth, The Journal of Consumer Affairs has provided a forum for government officials, consumer activists, and academics to discuss the definition of the consumer interest and how best to pursue it. In the inaugural issue of JCA, published in the summer of 1967, three of the first four articles were titled "The View from Washington" (by Deputy Assistant Secretary of Labor David Swankin), "Is It Time to Re-Evaluate the Consumer Protection Activities of the Federal Government?" (by Consumers Union president Colston E. Warne), and "The Consumer Interest-the Real Issue" (by Professor of Marketing Robert D. Schooler). When JCA began publication in 1967, a few landmark pieces of consumer legislation had already been passed concerning pharmaceuticals, cigarettes, and motor vehicles, but the heyday of the consumer movement--and consumer research--was just beginning. In his article, Warne wrote: "The time has come, I think, for consumers and consumer movements to face some highly unpleasant problems" (p. 24). Schooler chastised the federal government for being "misdirected toward real but secondary issues" (p. 40). Swankin called for an organization and a professional journal capable of creating "an intellectual climate in which the phrases 'consumer interest,' 'consumer economics,' and, yes, 'consumer information' can be developed and can flourish" (pp. 9-10). Nearly forty years later, and long after the zenith of the U.S. consumer movement, we still face a host of consumer problems and a federal government disinclined to address them. We do, however, have a respected journal in whose pages the consumer interest and consumer policy can be examined. On April 25, 2005, the University of Utah hosted a symposium on consumer policy in honor of the retirement of Dr. John R. Burton. John, who established the consumer studies program at the University of Utah, has devoted his career to teaching, research, and service that advance the consumer interest. Seven nationally renowned speakers, including professors Monroe Friedman, Loren Geistfeld, Jeanne Hogarth, Jean Lown, and Ivan Preston, presented papers pertaining to the consumer interest. Two of the seven papers are reproduced here. The first is by Stephen Brobeck, long-time executive director of the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) and the editor of The Encyclopedia of the Consumer Movement. Dr. Brobeck's article examines how a major consumer advocacy organization like CFA decides what public policy positions are in the consumer interest. The article applies a general framework to the specific issue of automobile fuel economy standards. In the companion piece to this article, Michael Burton, an assistant professor of political science at Ohio University and the son of the symposium's honoree, draws on his experience as a congressional aide and vice presidential staff member to describe and defend the art of compromise as it applies to consumer politics. -Robert N. Mayer, University of Utah