How Well Do We Know It‪?‬

How much quantification in science is justified? Can science guide human action? Can one assess the strength of science without being an expert? How much extrapolation from fundamentals makes sense? How strong is the science behind ideologies? To answer these questions, the book contrasts the strength of mathematics and physical sciences with the weakness of fundamental theories in other areas of human endeavor. Scientists offer expert advice based on their research in areas of societal concern such as medicine, environmental action and economics. This book enables one to form clear ideas of how strong scientific claims in these issues are and how far they can guide personal and societal action even while one cannot participate in the intellectual challenge of the research itself. Unjustified extrapolation from individual scientific ideas results in passionately supported ideologies. Paradoxically, weaker the science, stronger the demand for implementing the ideologies.