IP Networks, Routers and Addresses

IP Networks, Routers and Addresses

This module is devoted to IP, used to implement Layer 3. We begin with IP addressing: IPv4 address classes, subnets, DHCP, static and dynamic addresses, public addresses, private addresses and NAT.


We'll use the simplest IP network to explore how routers implement the network by relaying packets from link to link, and also act as a point of control to deny communications based on IP address and/or port number.


We’ll complete the chapter with IPv6 addressing.


Telecom Module 14

Detailed Outline

14 IP Networks, Routers and Addresses

14.1 Definition of Network

14.2 IPv4 Address Classes

...... 14.2.1  Packets and Network Addresses

...... 14.2.2  Historical Network Classes

...... 14.2.3  Class A, B and C

...... 14.2.4  Network ID and Host ID

...... 14.2.5  Class D and E

...... 14.2.6  Dotted-Decimal Notation

14.3 Subnets and Classless Inter-Domain Routing

14.4 DHCP

...... 14.4.1  Dynamic Addresses for Clients

...... 14.4.2  Static Addresses and DNS for Servers

...... 14.4.3  DHCP Client – Server Communications

...... 14.4.4  DHCP Message Exchange

...... 14.4.5  Lease Expiry

...... 14.4.6  DHCP to Assign Static Addresses

14.5 Assigning Subnets to Broadcast Domains

14.6 IP Network: Routers Connected with Point-to-Point Circuits

...... 14.6.1  Broadcast Domain at Each Location

...... 14.6.2  Edge Router at Each Location

...... 14.6.3  Default Gateway

...... 14.6.4  Packet Creation

...... 14.6.5  Packet Transmission from the Source

...... 14.6.6  IP to MAC Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

...... 14.6.7  Packet Routing

...... 14.6.8  Overbooking & Bandwidth on Demand

14.7 Routers and Customer Edge

...... 14.7.1  Customer Edge Device

...... 14.7.2  Router Connects Broadcast Domains

...... 14.7.3  Routing

...... 14.7.4  Denying Communications

...... 14.7.5  Packet Filtering

...... 14.7.6  Port Filtering

...... 14.7.7  Firewall

14.8 Public and Private IPv4 Addresses

...... 14.8.1  Public Addresses

...... 14.8.2  Regional Internet Registries

...... 14.8.3  Unassigned or Private Addresses

14.9 Network Address Translation

...... 14.9.1  Network Address Translator

...... 14.9.2  Outbound

...... 14.9.3  Inbound

...... 14.9.4  Advantages of NAT

...... 14.9.5  Implementation

14.10 TCP and UDP

14.11 IPv6

...... 14.11.1  Expanded Addressing Capabilities

...... 14.11.2  Header Simplification

...... 14.11.3  Improved Support for Extensions and Options

...... 14.11.4  Support for Traffic Management

...... 14.11.5  IPv6 Packet Format

14.12 IPv6 Address Allocation and Address Types

...... 14.12.1  Internet Registry Identification

...... 14.12.2  Sites and Global Routing Prefix

...... 14.12.3  Interface ID

...... 14.12.4  Subnet ID

...... 14.12.5  Allocation

...... 14.12.6  Subnet Prefix

...... 14.12.7  IPv6 Address Types