L'experience D'une Modernite Politique Alternative Au Bresil (1831-42) : Dynamique Interieure Et Resistance a L'importation Du Modele Etatique Francais.
Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 2006, July, 31, 62
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Resume. Le present article met en evidence d'une part l'insertion synchronique du monde politique bresilien dans le processus evolutif qui caracterisait alors tout le monde occidental, et d'autre part l'inexistence d'un quelconque consensus quant a ce en quoi consistait la modernite politique, en particulier d'un point de vue institutionnel. L'epoque de la Regence (1831-40) vit ainsi la breve mise en place d'un modele qui est apprehende ici comme l'expression d'une forme alternative de modernite politique. Axe sur des fondements locaux et alimente par le developpement du sens moral de l'homme, cet ephemere modele institutionnel fut la derniere alternative proposee avant l'avenement de l'Etat-nation contemporain. Ses defenseurs resisterent a ce dernier en particulier parce qu'ils ne croyaient pas qu'un quelconque modele importe puisse etre benefique a l'evolution du Bresil, et que ce dernier devait construire la nation du dedans . Cet article se propose d'expliciter la logique qui animait les defenseurs du modele en question et leur refus des modeles exterieurs. Par effet miroir celui-ci offre par ailleurs un regard decale sur l'emergence de l'Etat-nation. Abstract. This article has two goals. The first is to place the Brazilian political experience within the evolution that the western world experienced in the first part of the 19th century. The second is to point out the non-existence of any consensus as to what constitutes political modernity, particularly in terms of institutions. The era of the Regency (1831-40) in Brazil witnessed a short-lived implementation of a model which is interpreted here as the expression of an alternative form of political modernity. Based on local structures and predicated on the emerging moral sensibility of human beings, this ephemeral institutional model was the last alternative proposed prior to the establishment of the nation-state which remains dominant. The defenders of this alternative objected to the nation-state above all because they believed that no external, imported model could be beneficial to the development of Brazil which should construct the new nation "from within." The article explains the reasoning that caused defenders of the nation-state to defend their project and reject external models. Their project, a mirror image of the nation-state, makes possible a critical evaluation of the emergence of the nation-state.