Longitudinal Developmental Profile of Children from Low Socio-Economic Circumstances in Cape Town, Using the 1996 Griffiths Mental Development Scales (Report‪)‬

The neurodevelopment of the young child is influenced by genetic determinants, the environment and both physical and emotional well-being. (1,2) Each child has a unique combination of factors that can influence the rapidly developing brain. Previous studies have shown that the home environment has a greater impact on development in the second year of life than in the first (3) and that socio-economic status has a greater influence than culture. In a multicultural society, cultural influences should also be recognised. (4) In addition, within the same socioeconomic strata, maternal well-being and characteristics may have an effect. (3,5) In the context of neurodevelopmental research in southern Africa, there may be specific influences on the sub-group of children under study that impact on developmental profiles. Tools for assessing early childhood development are limited in predicting long-term outcomes.6 Since many tests have been normalised in developed countries, local physicians should understand the nuances and should know if these tests remain consistent for different ages. For example, previous studies from Cape Town showed a lower developmental profile in children from low socio-economic groups when compared with expected norms. (7,8)