Mathematical Theories of Traffic Flow (Enhanced Edition‪)‬

Mathematical theories of traffic flow. Experiments can be classified into one of two categories, depending on whether their outcomes are certain or uncertain. A certain experiment will yield exactly the same value whenever the experiment is repeated under the same conditions; an Uncertain experiment will give a variety of values. The distinction is pragmatic rather than logical, for many certain experiments can be made uncertain by various methods, particularly refinement of instrumentation. The repeated measurement of length of a line may give the same value if the ruler is corsely calibrated and several different values if the ruler is more finely calibrated.