Neurophysiology Study Guide

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Audience

Audience: Intended for everyone interested in Neurophysiology, particularly undergraduate and graduate life science students, medical students, and nursing students.

Features

Fully illustrated.
Written in clear, concise format.
Difficult concepts are explained in simple terms.
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Use your down-time to prepare for an exam.
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Table of Contents

I. Neurocellular Anatomy

Neuron: Axon | Dendrite | Apical dendrite | Dendritic spine | Afferent nerve | Efferent nerve | Sensory nerve | Motor nerve

Axonal Transport and Growth: Axoplasmic transport | Kinesin | Dynein | Myosin | Growth cone | Axon guidance

Synapse: Synaptic Vesicles | Exocytosis | Endocytosis | Synaptic plasticity | SNARE | Synaptobrevin | Synapsin | NSF | Excitatory synapse | Inhibitory synapse | Electrical synapse | Gap junction

Types of neurons: Pyramidal cell | Betz cell | Purkinje cell | Neuromuscular junction | Muscle spindle | Golgi organ | Motor neuron | Sensory neuron

Glial cell: Astrocyte | Oligodendrocyte | Schwann cell | Myelin | Nodes of Ranvier

Cytoskeleton: Actin | Intermediate filament | Microtubule

II. Membranes And Transport

Membrane Structure: Fluid mosaic model | Detailed Structure

Membrane Components: Phospholipids | Sphingomyelin | Glycolipid | Glycocalix | Cholesterol

Movement of Molecules: Diffusion | Osmosis | Electrochemical gradient

Passive transport: Facilitated diffusion | Ion channel

Active transport: ATP-Dependent Na/K Pump | Proton pump | Antiporter | Symporter

III. Ion Channels

Channels: Ion channel | Gap junction

Voltage-gated: Potassium channel | Sodium channel | BK channel | Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel | Resting channels | Calcium channel

Ligand-gated: NMDA receptor | AMPA receptor | Kainate receptor | Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor | Glycine receptor | GABA receptor

Other ion channels: Cyclic nucleotide-gated | Stretch-activated | G-protein-gated | Light-gated | Gap junction

IV. Electrical Phenomena

Review: Electrical charge | Resistance | Capacitance

Resting Membrane Potential: Ionic Basis | Number of ions involved in generating the resting potential | Equilibrium potential | Other values of membrane potential | Implications | Nernst equation | Goldman equation | Depolarization | Hyperpolarization

Action Potential: Threshold and initiation | Circuit model | Propagation | Refractory period | Evolutionary purpose | Nodes of Ranvier | Reflex arc

Postsynaptic Potential: Excitatory postsynaptic potential | Inhibitory postsynaptic potential | Spatial summation | Temporal summation | Shunting

V. Signal Transduction

Extracellular Signalling - Neurotransmitters and receptors: Acetylcholine | Degradation by acetylcholinesterase | Ach Receptors

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