Renal System: A Tutorial Study Guide

“Renal System” is a part of the college-level Principles of Biology course series and the Neuropsychopharmacology course series textbooks.  It is a tutorial written in questions and answers format to describe the anatomy and physiology of the renal system, including the kidneys, nephrons, filtration system, counter-current exchange system, dialysis, nitrogen wastes, and fluid balance.

It is a study guide with in-depth explanations.  Each section is a modular unit that is self-contained for easy reading. The principles and concepts are introduced systematically so students can learn and retain the materials intuitively.