The Battle of Stalingrad In Critical Analysis, Photographs, Maps and Film: Part I - Entering the Abyss

When one visits the huge, “Mother of Russia” war statue in Stalingrad (now renamed

Volgograd), Russia, one gets the impression that an epic battle took place there. And, indeed,

an epic battle—the World War II Battle of Stalingrad between Germany and the Soviet Union—

did take place there. The battle, which lasted six months, produced over 1.5 million casualties

and led to the destruction of an entire Germany army and half of another.3 It also at one point

tied down seven Soviet armies. The magnitude of these figures makes the battle hard to

imagine, but it is clear that Stalingrad was one of the largest and longest single battles in military

history.


Stalingrad also is significant in that it marked a key turning point in the war on the Eastern

Front. While the ultimate outcome of Germany’s war effort in the East probably was determined

by its failure to defeat the U.S.S.R. in its 1941 campaign (Operation BARBAROSSA), Stalingrad

was the high water mark of Germany’s eastward advance. After its defeat at Stalingrad, the

Reich never again occupied as much Soviet territory and, with brief exceptions, was in retreat.


CONTENTS by CHAPTER:


1. STALINGRAD: THE PRELUDE TO THE BATTLE


2. THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD:  PREPARATORY PHASE DOCUMENTS


3. STALINGRAD: URBAN WARFARE


4. THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD:  PHOTOGRAPHS AND ORIGINAL MAPS


5. HISTORIC FILM


a. 1942-08-xx - Degeto Weltspiegel Nr. xx: Der Kamp um Stalingrad - Beginn des Kampfes um Stalingrad.


b. 1942-09-09 - Die Deutsche Wochenschau Nr. 627 - The "Deutsche Wochenschau" was a Third Reich newsreel produced from June 1940 until March 1945. The following editions include footage specific to the fight for Stalingrad


c. 1942-09-16 - Die Deutsche Wochenschau Nr. 628


d. 1942-09-23 - Die Deutsche Wochenschau Nr. 629


e. 1942-09-30 - Die Deutsche Wochenschau Nr. 630


f. The Battle Of Russia (1943) - This motion picture film examines the war in Russia, 1941-1943. Reel 1 dramatizes Russia's military history. Alexander Nevsky defeats the German knights in 1242. The Swedes are defeated in 1704 in a cavalry battle at Poltava. French troops retreat from Moscow in 1812. Kaiser Wilhelm inspects troops on the Eastern front in 1917. Reel 2 shows mine operations, agricultural scenes, oil fields, and manufacturing scenes. People of many ethnic groups present native dances. Civilian and military units parade in Moscow. Maksim Litvinoff asks the League of Nations to aid Ethiopia in 1935. Reel 3 maps Axis expansion into eastern Europe. Hungarian, Rumanian, and Bulgarian troops parade prior to Nazi occupation. Footage shows puppet leaders Admiral Miklos von Nagybanya Horthy, General Ion Antonescu, King Michael of Romania and King Boris of Bulgaria. Adolf Hitler and Generals Wilheim Keitel and Alfred Jodl meet. Nazis march through Hungarian cities. Yugoslavian cities are bombed and Greece is occupied. Tanks roll from Russian assembly lines and troops are inducted. German panzer divisions invade Russia in June 1941. Reel 4 maps the German advance in 1941 and analyzes Russian strategy. Hitler makes a victory speech in October. Footage shows intense street fighting in Sevastopol. Russians of all ages are mobilized. In Reel 5, houses, factories, and a large dam in the Ukraine are burned or dynamited before the advancing Nazis. Guerilla units draw arms and then dynamite Nazi installations. Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov, and other leaders pose. Red troops parade in Moscow in Dec. 1941. In Reel 6, citizens pray in churches on Christmas Day. Russian tanks, cavalry units, and ski troops advance beneath air support. Villages are liberated and refugees return. In Reel 7, dead and tortured Russian civilians are found. Footage shows prewar Leningrad. Barricades are erected. The city is intensively bombed. In Reel 8, the city is besieged. Women remove rubble from streets. Defenses are manned. Food is rationed. Shell manufacture continues. Supplies are brought in by truck, tractor, and railroad across frozen Lake Ladoga. Winter snows blanket the city. Nazi planes bomb trucks on the lake. The spring thaw arrives. Children play in the sunshine. German prisoners enter the city. Reel 9 maps the battle for the Caucasus and the Crimea. Stalingrad is bombarded from the air by artillery and house-to-house fighting is shown. Reel 10 maps the Russian encirclement of Nazis at Stalingrad. Marshal Nikolai Voronoff confers with his aides. The encircling Red armies meet in Dec. 1942. Flamethrowers, rockets, and artillery are used to force the surrender of remnants of 22 Nazi divisions. The final scene maps Russian gains and cites statistics on Nazi losses thus far in the campaign.