The Boxer Rebellion

Called back from his honeymoon by an urgent telegram from the New York Times, George Clarke Musgrave settled his new wife at her family home in New Jersey and then left for San Francisco on 9th July 1900, from where he sailed for China. His brief was to travel with the American force that was part of an eight-nation alliance with Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Austro-Hungary, Japan and Russia, mounting what was termed the "China Relief Expedition." Earlier in the year, hundreds of Chinese Christians and foreign missionaries had been viciously attacked and killed in China's Northern provinces. This violence and blood-letting came to a head with the murder of the German Minister in Peking, at which time most foreigners and many Chinese converts fled to the foreign legations in the city where they were promptly besieged by a large force that called itself the "Righteous Harmony Fists," but which the press had labelled the Boxers. The objective of the multi-national force was to rescue the foreign nationals. The march from Tientsin to Peking and the relief of the Legations is documented in some detail but worse - much worse - was to follow. The closing notes describe the aftermath of the expedition, when military order was replaced by chaos. In the days following the entry of the alliance forces into Peking, there began an orgy of looting, execution, rape, torture and murder, described as "an unfolding kaleidoscope of human behaviour more nightmarish and more brutal than any of us could have believed possible."