United States v. Bueno-Vargas

FOR PUBLICATION Argued and Submitted June 8, 2004-Pasadena, California OPINION Does a customs agent's statement of probable cause to detain an arrested person pending further proceedings, made under penalty of perjury and sent to a magistrate judge by facsimile (fax), satisfy the Fourth Amendment's requirement of an ""Oath or affirmation""? We answer that question ""yes"" and, accordingly, affirm.