Descriptive Translation Studies' Accountability for Translation Phenomena: A Case Study of Hong Lou Meng/L'interpretation Du Phenomene de Traduction Par Les Etudes de Traduction Descriptive: Etude Descriptive des Traductions Du Reve Dans Le Pavillon Rouge‪.‬

1. INTRODUCTION "Descriptive Translation Studies", this term, was first put forward by James Holmes, a Holland scholar. James Holmes published a famous paper titled "The Name and Nature of Translation Studies" at the Third International Congress of Applied Linguistics held in Copenhagen in 1972. In his paper, James Holmes made a scientific division of translatology and he argued that "translatology is divided into two branches: pure translation studies and applied translation studies; pure translation studies can be subdivided into Descriptive Translation Studies and theoretical translation study". (2) Descriptive Translation Studies includes "(1) product-oriented study; (2) process-oriented study; function-oriented study". (3) James Holmes' division of translatology has been widely recognized by translation scholars and exerted great influence on the celebrated translation scholars such as Even-Zohar, Gideon Toury in Israel and Andre Lefevere in America, all of whom set about making a new theoretical exploration under James Holmes' framework.