Debating Decentralized Development: A Reconsideration of the Wenzhou and Kerala Models‪.‬

The Wenzhou model represents a successful case of indigenously generated petty capitalism, while the Kerala model represents a developmental success in terms of education, health care. and grassroots participation. Given the remarkable achievements of these localities, observers have suggested that their experiences are worthy of emulation and replication. This assumption has three limitations. First, although both models sound inspiring, their success depends upon particular conditions that are unlikely to be found in other localities. Second, neither "model" has proven to be fiscally or politically sustainable. Third, local developmental strategies that yield productive results initially may ultimately undermine themselves. Model, n. A person or thing eminently worthy of imitation; a perfect exemplar of some excellence. Also: a representative specimen of some quality.