Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Transactional Analysis, Existential, Cognitive, And Integrated Group Therapies on Improving Problem-Solving Skills (Report‪)‬

Introduction Problem-solving is a cognitive process by which the individual tries to find a suitable solution for the problem (Perla & O'Donnel, 2004). In problem-solving, finding a specific solution for a specific problem is not that much important, the thing that matters is to find an abstract rule or principle that can be generalized for other situations (Khoshkam, Malekpoor, & Molavi, 2008). Problem-solving is a vital skill for life. Today in all activities, the authorities are called for thinking in a high level and problem-solving skills, whether in normal or complicated activities. And most of them emphasize that problem-solving skills must be improved (Poshtiban, 2007). When facing a Program, every individual uses a different method of problem-solving. Methods of problem-solving are: helplessness in solving a problem, problem-solving control, avoidance style, creative style, problem-solving confidence and approach style. The first there styles are called ineffective problem-solving methods and the last three styles are called effective problem-solving methods (Cassidy & Long, 1996). Problem-solving is a coping skill which increases self-confidence and has a connection with good personal compatibility (Eizadi & Scpasi-Ashtiani, 2010). In problem-solving approach, therapy begins with focusing present goals. Focusing on present goals probably persuades the clients to concentrate on the problem and after that he/she will concentrate on the solutions.