Residential Smoking Restrictions are Not Associated with Reduced Child SHS Exposure in a Baseline Sample of Low-Income, Urban African Americans (Health) (Secondhand Smoke Exposure) (Report‪)‬

1. PURPOSE The World Health Organization and U.S. public health agencies have concluded that secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) contributes to morbidity and mortality and that there is no safe level of exposure [1,2]. SHSe is associated with a variety of acute and chronic health consequences, with infants and toddlers across all racial and socioeconomic groups bearing greater susceptibility to acute consequences than other age groups [1,3-14]. Estimated medical expenditures for SHSe-attributable respiratory illness and pediatric emergency department admissions alone exceeds $115 per child exposed annually, or over $2.5 billion annually if extrapolated to U.S. children of 3-11 years old [15-17].